整合營銷(Integrated marketing),即整合營銷傳播(Integrated marketing communications),指將一個企業的各種傳播方式加以綜合集成,其中包括一般的廣告、與客戶的直接溝通、促銷、公關等等,對分散的傳播信息進行無縫接合,從而使得企業及其產品和服務的總體傳播效果達到明確、連續、一致和提升。
定義
營銷專家唐·E·舒爾茨(Don E. Schultz)1993年在《整合營銷傳播》一書中給出的定義:
整合營銷傳播是「維持消費忠誠度」:
整合營銷傳播是將所有與產品或服務有關的信息來源加以管理的過程,使客戶以及潛在客戶接觸整合的信息,並且產生購買行為,並維持消費忠誠度。
Duncan & Moriarty(1997)認為行銷策略必須重新整合,並藉著科技進步之力來提出行銷問題的癥結。因此認為整合行銷:
整合營銷傳播是「增進品牌信賴度」:
整合行銷傳播是經營有利品牌關係的一種交互作用,率領企業與客戶共同學習來維持品牌溝通策略上的一致性;並加強顧客、企業與關係利益人之間積極的對話,以推動增進品牌信賴度的企業任務」(廖宜怡譯,1999)。
唐·E·舒爾茨形容傳統營銷是是「消費者請注意」,而整合營銷是「請注意消費者」。
而根據美國生產力與品質中心(American Productivity and Quality Center)所給予整合行銷傳播的定義為:
整合行銷傳播是「有說服力的品牌傳播計畫」:
整合行銷傳播是一種策略性經營流程,用於長期規劃、發展、執行與評估可衡量的、協調一致的、有說服力的品牌傳播計畫,並以消費者、顧客、潛在顧客和其他內外部的相關目標為受眾」(戴至中、袁世珮譯,2004)
Percy(1997)則認同美國廣告協會(4A)與麥迪爾學院(Medill)對IMC的定義,即整合行銷傳播是一種與消費者溝通的過程,而非一個簡單的行銷動作。且主張:
將企業內所有的行銷計劃加以整合便稱為整合行銷傳播,而整合行銷傳播的關鍵在於企劃及傳播一致性訊息的傳遞能力,而其策略性規劃流程,而目標市場是首要考慮任務。」(Percy,1997)。
Brannan點出企業使用整合行銷的好處有兩點:
第一,清楚傳遞什麼樣的訊息,把傳遞訊息給誰,並且保持訊息的一致性;這樣不僅避免困惑的產生,還能獲得顧客的青睞進而留住顧客。
第二,定期強化一致性的訊息,讓預算發揮功效;一致性的傳播能讓企業降低生產成本,使企業能更輕鬆的維持品牌訊息。」(陳琇玲譯,2000)
Business
Integrated Marketing Communications, a body of academic and practical work promoting a management approach to marketing
Integrated Marketing Communications is a term used to describe a holistic approach to marketing communication. It aims to ensure consistency of message and the complementary use of media. The concept includes online and offline marketing channels. Online marketing channels include any e-marketing campaigns or programs, from search engine optimization (SEO), pay-per-click, affiliate, email, banner to latest web related channels for webinar, blog, micro-blogging, RSS, podcast, and Internet TV. Offline marketing channels are traditional print (newspaper, magazine), mail order, public relations, industry relations, billboard, radio, and television. A company develops its integrated marketing communication programme using all the elements of the marketing mix (product, price, place, and promotion).
Integrated marketing communication is integration of all marketing tools, approaches, and resources within a company which maximizes impact on consumer mind and which results into maximum profit at minimum cost. Generally marketing starts from "Marketing Mix". Promotion is one element of Marketing Mix. Promotional activities include Advertising(by using different medium), sales promotion (sales and trades promotion), and personal selling activities. It also includes internet marketing, sponsorship marketing, direct marketing, database marketing and public relations. And integration of all these promotional tools along with other components of marketing mix to gain edge over competitor is called Integrated Marketing Communication.
資料參考/維基百科
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